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In ‘The Politics of Experience’ and the visionary ‘Bird of Paradise’, R.D. Laing shows how the straitjacket of conformity imposed on us all leads to intense feelings of alienation and a tragic waste of human potential.
He throws into question the notion of normality, examines schizophrenia and psychotherapy, transcendence and ‘us and them’ thinking, and illustrates his ideas with a remarkable case history of a ten-day psychosis. ‘We are bemused and crazed creatures,’ Laing suggests. This outline of ‘a thoroughly self-conscious and self-critical human account of man’ represents a major attempt to understand our deepest dilemmas and sketch in solutions. ‘Everyone in contemporary psychiatry owes something to R.D. Laing’ Anthony Clare, the Guardian. Biography R.D. Laing, one of the best-known psychiatrists of modern times, was born in Glasgow in 1927 and graduated from Glasgow University as a doctor of medicine.
In the 1960's he developed the argument that there may be a benefit in allowing acute mental and emotional turmoil in depth to go on and have its way, and that the outcome of such turmoil could have a positive value. He was the first to put such a stand to the test by establishing, with others, residences where persons could live and be free to let happen what will when the acute psychosis is given free rein, or where, at the very least, they receive no treatment they do not want. This work with the Philadelphia Association since 1964, together with his focus on disturbed and disturbing types of interaction in institutions, groups and families, has been both influential and continually controversial. Laing's writings range from books on social theory to verse, as well as numerous articles and reviews in scientific journals and the popular press.
His publications are: The Divided Self, Self and Others, Interpersonal Perception (with H. Phillipson and A. Robin Lee), Reason and Violence (introduced by Jean-Paul Sartre), Sanity, Madness and the Family (with A. Esterson), The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise, Knots, The Politics of the Family, The Facts of Life, Do You Love Me?, Conversations with Children, Sonnets, The Voice of Experience and Wisdom, Madness and Folly.
Laing died in 1989. Anthony Clare, writing in the Guardian, said of him: 'His major achievement was that he dragged the isolated and neglected inner world of the severely psychotic individual out of the back ward of the large gloomy mental hospital and on to the front pages of influential newspapers, journals and literary magazines. Everyone in contemporary psychiatry owes something to R.D.
Laing in 1983, perusing (1944) Born ( 1927-10-07)7 October 1927, Scotland Died 23 August 1989 ( 1989-08-23) (aged 61), France Known for Scientific career Fields Psychiatry Influences Influenced Ronald David Laing (; 7 October 1927 – 23 August 1989), usually cited as R. Laing, was a Scottish who wrote extensively on – in particular, the experience of. Laing's views on the causes and treatment of serious mental dysfunction, greatly influenced by philosophy, ran counter to the chemical and electro shock methods becoming the psychiatric orthodoxy of the day. Taking the expressed of the individual patient or client as valid descriptions of lived experience rather than simply as symptoms of mental illness, Laing regarded as a theory not a fact. Though associated in the public mind with he rejected the label. Politically, he was regarded as a thinker of the.
Laing was portrayed in the film. If the human race survives, future men will, I suspect, look back on our enlightened epoch as a veritable age of Darkness. They will presumably be able to savor the irony of the situation with more amusement than we can extract from it. The laugh's on us. They will see that what we call 'schizophrenia' was one of the forms in which, often through quite ordinary people, the light began to break through the cracks in our all-too-closed minds. 107 He also challenged psychiatric diagnosis itself, arguing that diagnosis of a mental disorder contradicted accepted medical procedure: diagnosis was made on the basis of behaviour or conduct, and examination and ancillary tests that traditionally precede the diagnosis of viable pathologies (like broken bones or pneumonia) occurred after the diagnosis of mental disorder (if at all). Hence, according to Laing, psychiatry was founded on a false: illness diagnosed by conduct, but treated biologically.
Laing maintained that was 'a theory not a fact'; he believed the models of genetically inherited schizophrenia being promoted by biologically based psychiatry were not accepted by leading medical geneticists. He rejected the 'medical model of '; according to Laing diagnosis of mental illness did not follow a traditional medical model; and this led him to question the use of medication such as by psychiatry.
His attitude to recreational was quite different; privately, he advocated an anarchy of experience. Personal life In his early life, Laing's father, David, an electrical engineer who had served in the, seems often to have come to blows with his own brother, and himself had a breakdown for three months when Laing was a teenager. His mother Amelia, according to some speculation and rumour about her behaviour, has been described as 'psychologically peculiar'. Laing was troubled by his own personal problems, suffering from both episodic and, according to his in a BBC Radio interview with in 1983, although he reportedly was free of both in the years before his death. These admissions were to have serious consequences for Laing as they formed part of the case against him by the which led to him ceasing to practise medicine.
He died at age 61 of a while playing tennis with his colleague and friend Robert W. Laing fathered six sons and four daughters by four women. His son Adrian, speaking in 2008, said, 'It was ironic that my father became well known as a family psychiatrist, when, in the meantime, he had nothing to do with his own family.' His daughter Fiona was born 7 December 1952. His daughter Susan born September 1954 died in March 1976, aged 21, of leukemia. Adam, his oldest son by his second marriage, was found dead in May 2008, in a tent on a Mediterranean island. He had died of a heart attack, aged 41.
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Works In 1913, psychiatrist and philosopher had pronounced, in his work, that many of the symptoms of mental illness (and particularly of ) were 'un-understandable', and therefore were worthy of little consideration except as a sign of some other underlying primary disorder. Then, in 1956, and his colleagues, and articulated a theory of schizophrenia as stemming from situations where a person receives different or contradictory messages. The perceived symptoms of schizophrenia were therefore an expression of this distress, and should be valued as a and trans-formative experience. Laing argued a similar account for psychoses: that the strange behavior and seemingly confused speech of people undergoing a episode were ultimately understandable as an attempt to communicate worries and concerns, often in situations where this was not possible or not permitted.
Laing stressed the role of society, and particularly the, in the development of 'madness' (his term). Laing saw as being seated not in biological or psychic organs – whereby environment is relegated to playing at most only an accidental role as immediate trigger of disease (the 'stress diathesis model' of the nature and causes of psychopathology) – but rather in the social cradle, the urban home, which cultivates it, the very crucible in which selves are forged. This re-evaluation of the locus of the disease process – and consequent shift in forms of treatment – was in stark contrast to psychiatric orthodoxy (in the broadest sense we have of ourselves as psychological subjects and pathological selves).
Laing was revolutionary in valuing the content of psychotic behaviour and speech as a valid expression of distress, albeit wrapped in an enigmatic language of personal symbolism which is meaningful only from within their situation. Laing expanded the view of the ' hypothesis put forth by Bateson and his team, and came up with a new concept to describe the highly complex situation that unfolds in the process of 'going mad' – an 'incompatible knot'. Laing never denied the existence of mental illness, but viewed it in a radically different light from his contemporaries. For Laing, mental illness could be a transformative episode whereby the process of undergoing mental distress was compared to a journey. The traveler could return from the journey with (supposedly) important insights, and may have become (in the views of Laing and his followers) a wiser and more grounded person as a result. In The Divided Self (1960), Laing contrasted the experience of the ' person with that of a person who 'cannot take the realness, aliveness, autonomy and identity of himself and others for granted' and who consequently contrives strategies to avoid 'losing his self'.
In (1961), Laing's definition of normality shifted somewhat. Laing also wrote poetry and his poetry publications include Knots (1970), and Sonnets (1979).
Laing appears, alongside his son Adam, on the 1980 album edited By, performing the song '. Influence In 1965 Laing co-founded the UK charity the, concerned with the understanding and relief of mental suffering, which he also chaired. His work influenced the wider movement of, operating in less 'confrontational' (in a Laingian perspective) psychiatric settings. Other organizations created in a Laingian tradition are the Arbours Association and the New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling in London. Films and plays about Laing. Ah, Sunflower (1967). Short film by Robert Klinkert and, filmed around the conference and featuring Laing, and others.
Cain's Film (1969). Short film by Jamie Wadhawan on, featuring other figures in London at the time including Laing, and. Reworking of: (1967) that 'explored the issue of schizophrenia and the ideas of the radical psychiatrist R. Both were directed by from scripts. Documentary directed by Peter Robinson showing Laing's psychiatric community project where patients and therapists lived together.
Laing also appears in the film. Knots (1975).
Film adapted from Laing's 1970 book and 's play. How Does It Feel? Documentary on physical senses and creativity featuring Laing, and. Birth with R.D.
Laing (1978). Documentary on the 'institutionalization of childbirth practices in Western society'. Laing's Glasgow (1979). An episode of the Canadian TV series.
Did You Used to be R.D. Documentary portrait of Laing by Kirk Tougas and Tom Shandel. Adapted for the stage in 2000 by Mike Maran. Eros, Love & Lies (1990). Documentary on Laing. What You See Is Where You're At (2001).
A collage of found footage by on Laing's experiment in alternative therapy at Kingsley Hall. All Divided Selves (2011). Another collage of archive material and new footage. (2017), a biopic starring, and, and directed by Robert Mullan.
Selected bibliography. Laing, R.D. (1960) The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness.
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Harmondsworth: Penguin. Laing, R.D. (1961) The Self and Others. London: Tavistock Publications. Laing, R.D. And (1964) Sanity, Madness and the Family. London: Penguin Books.
Laing, R.D. And Cooper, D.G. (1964) Reason and Violence: A Decade of Sartre's Philosophy. (2nd ed.) London: Tavistock Publications Ltd. Laing, R.D., Phillipson, H.
And Lee, A.R. (1966) Interpersonal Perception: A Theory and a Method of Research. London: Tavistock Publications. Laing, R.D. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Laing, R.D. (1970) Knots. London: Penguin.,. Laing, R.D. (1971) The Politics of the Family and Other Essays. London: Tavistock Publications.
Laing, R.D. (1972) Knots. New York: Vintage Press.
Laing, R.D. (1976) Do You Love Me? An Entertainment in Conversation and Verse. New York: Pantheon Books. Laing, R.D. (1976) Sonnets. London: Michael Joseph.
Laing, R.D. (1976) The Facts of Life.
London: Penguin. Laing, R.D. (1977) Conversations with Adam and Natasha.
New York: Pantheon. Laing, R.D. (1982) The Voice of Experience: Experience, Science and Psychiatry. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Laing, R.D. (1985) Wisdom, Madness and Folly: The Making of a Psychiatrist 1927-1957. London: Macmillan.
(1995) Mad to be Normal: Conversations with R.D. Russell, R. Laing (1992) R.D. Laing and Me: Lessons in Love. New York: Hillgarth Press. (download free on www.rdlaing.org.
Mott, F.J. Laing (2014) London: Starwalker Press. (Hand-written annotations c.1977 by R.D.
Laing are included in the text, revealing Laing's own thoughts and associative material on prenatal psychology as he studied this book. ) See also.